Recent research suggests that supernovae may have contributed to two significant mass extinction events on Earth, occurring during the late Ordovician and late Devonian periods. It posits that Earth experiences the effects of approximately 2.5 supernovae every billion years, potentially disrupting the ozone layer and exposing the planet to harmful radiation. This hypothesis challenges prevailing theories that attribute mass extinctions primarily to volcanic eruptions and other terrestrial causes.
The study, published in the Royal Astronomical Society’s monthly notice, indicates that supernova explosions release heavy elements into interstellar space, which could have devastating effects on nearby planets even from a distance. The concept of glaciation linked to a supernova explosion has been suggested as a possible factor in the late Ordovician extinction.
However, the supernova hypothesis faces competition from existing models that point to volcanic activity as a leading cause of climate change and extinction events. Researchers are actively seeking concrete evidence to support the connection between supernovae and historical extinctions, with ongoing studies aiming to uncover isotopic signatures or geological markers that could validate this theory.
As scientists continue to explore the interplay between cosmic events and life on Earth, they aim to enhance understanding of the complex factors that have influenced biodiversity throughout the planet’s history. This ongoing inquiry highlights the mystery of mass extinctions and the potential for new discoveries to reshape our comprehension of these fundamental events.
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